Jul. 31st, 2010

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Well. I finally worked out why I couldn't locate a copy of The Temple of Hibis in el-Khargha Oasis III: The Decorations: only 300 copies were printed. Even the Library of Congress doesn't have one. Unless there's a source I've missed, that leaves me and the rest of the world lacking illustrations of most of the temple, including those tantalising sanctuary which catalogued every god in the country. Argh!

What I do have access to is Eugene Cruz-Uribe's Hibis Temple Project I, which contains detailed descriptions of over 650 figures from the sanctuary, cross-referenced to Decorations (as well as plates additional to Davies). There's every combination you can imagine of man, woman, mummy, ram, lion, falcon, crocodile, and inanimate object; I have an itch to enter the lot of them into a spreadsheet.

ETA: In Behind closed eyes, Kasia Szpakowska describes the "helpful deities" found on headrests who fight "nightmare-causing spirits": including griffins, and "fantastic creatures containing the most recognisable portions of powerful animals such as crocodiles, lions, panthers, hippos, hawks, and the Seth-animal." Similar critters appear on magic wands for the protection of pregnant women. (p 173) That's exactly the principle at Hibis, isn't it? These patchwork gods have the powers of multiple animals and spiritual objects.

It's only quite recently that I've really learned anything about Egypt past the New Kingdom. I always vaguely dismissed the Graeco-Roman stuff as somehow inauthentic. But the Late Period seems to have been a weirdly fruitful time for Egyptian religion. Hibis is seriously late, started off by the Saites and mostly completed by the Persians. I first heard of the temple when I came across a mention of a possible representation of Sekhmet in the form of a mongoose. More recently, I've been trying to track down a drawing or photograph of this figure:

Plate 2, Register III, no. 8. "'Mut, the Great.' Lion-headed figure, arm upraised supporting flail, hand grasping erect phallus. For parallel to this figure see the temple of Khonsu, PM 2(2), p 242. See LA IV, p. 247, no. 23; Lanzone, Dizionario I, p. 336, pl. 138, and Budge, Gods II, p. 28. For discussion on the concept of an ithyphallic goddess, see J. Ogden, BES 7 (1985/6): 31 and fig. 6." (p 2)
As you may imagine, I'm in hot pursuit of these references. Other figures which pique my interest include Nekhbet as a falcon-headed woman (p 10), a cat-headed and possibly female Re-Horakhty, a female Thoth (p 6), and this:

Plate 3, Register VIII, no. 27. "'Mut, the eye of Re, lady of strength(?), lady of [...]." The use of the udjat-eye for irt eye is not common. Only portion of an udjat-eye remains of entire figure." (p 21)
There are some photos of the temple's figures to be found online:
http://archive.kennethgarrett.com/
http://alain.guilleux.free.fr/khargha_hibis/khargha_temple_hibis.php
http://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/03/09/hibis-temple/
A search for "Hibis" on flickr.com will bring up various sets of pix:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/isawnyu/sets/72157624274413275/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/21169166@N05/sets/72157617700704515/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/prof_richard/sets/72157622972027504/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/24205667@N03/sets/72157623807246112/
___
Cruz-Uribe, Eugene. Hibis temple project, Vol 1: Translations, commentary, discussions and sign list. San Antonio, Texas, Van Siclen Books, 1988.
Davies, Norman de Garis. The Temple of Hibis in El Khārgeh oasis, pt.3. The decoration. Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition, New York, 1953.
Szpakowska, Kasia. Behind closed eyes: dreams and nightmares in ancient Egypt. Swansea, Classical Press of Wales, 2003.

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